What is the term for the process of breaking down coffee to increase surface area?

The correct term for the process of breaking down coffee to increase surface area is grinding. When coffee beans are ground, their physical structure is altered, which enhances the extraction of flavors during the brewing process. A greater surface area allows water to interact with the coffee particles more effectively, leading to a better extraction of oils, acids, and other compounds that contribute to the coffee's flavor profile.

In contrast, brewing refers to the process of making coffee by combining ground coffee with water, roasting is the process of heating the green beans to develop flavors, and filtering involves separating the brewed coffee from the grounds. Each of these processes serves different purposes in coffee preparation, making grinding a crucial step specifically aimed at maximizing flavor extraction.